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TRAIL AND SIDEWALK PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT
WSB PROJECT NO. 1715-70 PAGE 1
SUMMARY REPORT
TRAIL AND SIDEWALK PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT
SUMMARY OF WORK
The City of Lakeville and WSB & Associates, Inc. have worked together to review the existing trail and
sidewalk system. Contained within this report is an overview of the current condition of the existing trail
and sidewalk network as well as recommendations for improving the pavement management system and
addressing long term funding requirements. The trail and sidewalk networks have been analyzed
independently due to their lifecycle differences. A funding analysis and pavement management
strategies are also included as recommendations to maximize the lifecycle of the infrastructure and
reduce the long term maintenance cost of the pedestrian infrastructure.
The following items have been evaluated in an effort to inventory the existing network of trails and
sidewalks, identify in place condition, classify its function, extend the pavement life and gain an
understanding of the costs associated with the long term maintenance of individual segments and the
entire system.
Updated trail and sidewalk database to include missing segments and necessary segment
information.
Updated the existing trail segment lengths to better define and create more manageable
segments.
Completed detailed ratings of each trail and sidewalk segment.
Completed detailed analysis to determine the long term maintenance costs associated with the
trail and sidewalk network.
Established budgetary needs for the long term management of the network.
EXISTING TRIAL AND SIDEWALK SYSTEM
A map was created detailing the conditions of both the bituminous trails and the concrete sidewalks as a
means to provide an unbiased comparison of the conditions of each network. Field inspections were
completed to determine the quantity, severity and type of distresses on each trail and sidewalk segment
in the city. The distress data was then used to calculate an Overall Condition Index (OCI) value to
represent the condition of each trail and sidewalk segment. OCI values are assigned between 0 and 100
with 0 being of extremely poor condition and 100 representing a trail or sidewalk section which is free of
distresses. OCI values are then used to identify pavement segments which are candidates for specific
maintenance and/or construction strategies.
The current average OCI rating of concrete sidewalks is 90.67. The current average OCI rating of
bituminous trails is 62.93. A map with the Inspected OCI values as well as a map detailing the original
construction date for each trail segment has been provided to the City of Lakeville.
TRAIL AND SIDEWALK PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT
WSB PROJECT NO. 1715-70 PAGE 2
SUMMARY REPORT
TRAIL AND SIDEWALK PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT
Below is a breakdown of the condition ranges and associated lengths of the trail network. It should be
noted that a large percentage of the trails are in relatively good condition and to date have likely not
required a large amount of maintenance.
Table A: Breakdown of OCI Condition Rating and Miles of Trails
Bituminous Trail
OCI Rating OCI Percentage Length (miles)
0 - 10 4.4% 4.5
10 - 20 1.6% 1.8
20 - 30 4.7% 5.0
30 - 40 9.5% 9.6
40 50 7.8% 8.3
50 - 60 10.8% 10.9
60 - 70 12.1% 12.1
70 - 80 14.2% 13.6
80 - 90 12.2% 12.1
90 - 100 22.8% 21.7
Total 100% 99.6
Below is a breakdown of the age ranges of the trail network. Approximately 66% of the trails are between
10 and 25 years old and will likely require maintenance within the next 10 years.
Table B: Age of Trail based on a Percent of Network
Bituminous Trail
Year Age
0 5 7.9%
5 10 25.1%
10 - 15 22.2%
15 - 20 21.9%
20 25 22.4%
25 - Beyond 0.40%
Total 100%
EXISTING PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
The current routine maintenance of trails consists of crack filling and seal coating every 5 years.
H
The current pavement management practices for sidewalks consists of completing routine or reactive
maintenance as needed to address issues. Large scale repairs of pedestrian facilities are typically limited
TRAIL AND SIDEWALK PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT
WSB PROJECT NO. 1715-70 PAGE 3
SUMMARY REPORT
TRAIL AND SIDEWALK PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT
to specific problem areas that have been identified by staff. These repairs are only completed as funding
becomes available as there is no dedicated fund for the long term maintenance of pedestrian facilities.
As a concern over performance and longevity of the trails, the typical section for bituminous trails was
increased in 2005 from 4 inches of class 5 aggregate base with 2 inches of wear course to 8 inches of
class 5 aggregate base with 2.5 inches of wear course. This change was implemented to provide for a
more substantial typical section to provide for an extended life, lower life cycle costs and to address the
loading and potential damage which was occurring as a result of snow removal operations during the
winter and spring freeze thaw conditions.
GOALS
The performance, construction, maintenance and quality goals impact the required budget for the trail and
sidewalk network. It is necessary to establish clear and obtainable goals for the network prior to
establishing an appropriate budget. Additional discussions will likely be needed to establish the network
goals.
Additional goals are recommended to be implemented to reduce the maintenance costs and reduce the
required budget by prolonging the network lifecycle. Below is a listing of recommended practices:
Develop a formal capital improvement plan which provides budgets for managing the network
Investigate trail management/maintenance opportunities with developers. An example of this
could be to have developers fund the first surface treatment on all newly constructed trails
Utilize Joint Powers Agreement to achieve lower maintenance pricing/contracts
Analyze/modify current maintenance practices on trails
Develop a maintenance strategy which provides for preventive maintenance, preservation work
and rehabilitation projects
Modify lifecycle curve for trails to refine required annual budget
Address subgrade issues with tree roots
PROPOSED PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
A modification to the existing pavement management practices is recommended to better manage and
more closely monitor the existing network and to allow for adjustments to the management practices as
needed. The proposed management practices are listed below:
Maintain an active Pavement Management Program and complete ratings every 3 years (1/3 of
the city each year)
Develop a comprehensive trails/sidewalk database which as a minimum would include:
construction history, pavement structure, materials, maintenance and performance measures to
better assess the trail performance both good and bad
Verify pavement conditions in the field to validate planned maintenance strategies
Measure system costs and effectiveness
Develop network prediction models to more efficiently manage the system
Evaluate the effectiveness of maintenance and construction activities
Identify budget needs and implement a management program which includes preventive
maintenance, preservation and rehabilitation of trails and sidewalks
TRAIL AND SIDEWALK PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT
WSB PROJECT NO. 1715-70 PAGE 4
SUMMARY REPORT
TRAIL AND SIDEWALK PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT
Maintain an active program which can be adjusted for network growth, performance, and
construction costs
Schedule maintenance and construction activities based on condition and not time
BUDGET
In today's dollars, the nearly 100 miles of trail represents a more than $15 million dollar investment. This
investment is valued and utilized by residents not only for recreational purposes, but a means of safe
travel within and around the City. As with any asset, there is a commit to build, but there also needs to be
a commitment to the maintenance and management of the facility. It is recommended that a dedicated
trail and sidewalk budget be established to address the cost for maintenance and replacement of a
growing and aging system. Cost analysis models have been completed using the collected condition
information to provide an overview of the required budget. To date, very few of the trails in Lakeville have
been replaced and the maintenance activities have been inconsistent. As a general rule, trails with an
OCI of 30 or less are candidates for major rehabilitation or reconstruction, trails with an OCI between 40
and 60 should be reviewed for preservation activities and a means of improving the performance of the
trail and extending its life. Finally, preventive maintenance activities should be scheduled for all trails with
an OCI of 70 and above. Preventive maintenance serves to protect the trail from environmental aging
and deterioration from the elements. A comparison of required activities and miles or trails is provided as
a means of showing current needed activities.
Table C: Bituminous Trail Program Costs
OCI Range Miles Estimated Cost per Mile
100 to 70 - Preventive Maintenance 47.4 $6,500
60 to 40 - Preservation 19.2 $50,000
30 to 0 - Major Rehabilitation/Replacement 11.3 $120,000
The sidewalk budget has been established based on the spot repair of tripping hazards, broken sidewalk
sections and updating for revised ADA requirements on walks and pedestrian ramps. Replacement of
sidewalk should be reviewed and considered as adjacent roadway projects are programmed.
Table D: Proposed Annual Sidewalk Budget Based on Spot Replacement
Annual maintenance Replacement with roadway projects
$25,000 Schedules with street reconstruction projects
Increased data collection as detailed in the recommended pavement management practices will allow for
more accurate budgeting scenarios to be completed.
RECOMMENDATIONS
The goal of this recommendation is to develop a strategy to maintain an overall trail/sidewalk/network OCI
rating of 75 and provide for a budget which eliminates the need for reactive repairs and maintenance. To
accomplish this, strategies need to be implemented on trails at all levels within the OCI range. Providing
for lower cost maintenance activities early on within the life of the trail and more substantial activities at
the midpoint OCI range to add or extend the life of the trail. Eventually all trails will require reconstruction.
TRAIL AND SIDEWALK PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT
WSB PROJECT NO. 1715-70 PAGE 5
SUMMARY REPORT
TRAIL AND SIDEWALK PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT
This is the most expensive alternative so part of the goals within this effort should be to maintain a high
OCI for the network and minimize the miles of trail which require replacement.
Given the current condition of the system, the recommendation is to provide for preventive maintenance
on a 5 year cycle. Preservation consisting of a 1.5 inch bituminous overlay at year 15 - 20 and
reconstruct at year 35 or older. Given this, the network requires preventive maintenance on 8 miles,
preservation on 1.5 miles and rehab/reconstruct on 1 mile, annually. The estimated costs per mile laid
out in Table C, this would require a budget of $247,000 per year on bituminous trail improvements in
addition to an annual maintenance budget of $25,000 for sidewalk spot replacements. This approach
would require and annual initial budget of $272,000.
SUMMARY
The City of Lakeville has made a considerable investment in its trails and sidewalks. This is a
considerable asset to the community as it provides for increased recreational opportunities, an
infrastructure for safe and efficient pedestrian travel and provides for an overall higher quality of life within
the community. and funding are not adequate to
properly address the needed maintenance and replacement needs of the existing pedestrian facilities. It
is recommended that a long term plan be developed and implemented which increases the trail funding to
adequately support the preventive maintenance, preservation and reconstruction of the trails and
sidewalk network. With a more sophisticated approach and greater knowledge of performance and costs,
the city will be able to better utilize and manage the infrastructure with limited funds and more effectively
identify cost effective approaches to the maintenance and construction of its trails system.
TRAIL AND SIDEWALK PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT
WSB PROJECT NO. 1715-70 PAGE 6